实用主义的基本精神与中国传统文化的实用理性

实用主义是第一个在美国土生土长的哲学，最充分地体现了美国人求实、行动、重视效果、开拓进取的民族精神。中国传统文化的实用理性同样具有极端重视现实实用的特点。木文从论述实用主义哲学产生的社会历史条件和理论渊源出发，阐明了实用主义的基木精神，并进而探讨实用主义的基木精神与我国传统文化的实用理性之间的关系。     

词汇的联想意义及其语用功能

本文阐述了联想意义的概念及其研究溯源。联想意义是进入话语实现其交际功能的心理学基础，具有十分重要的价值。很多话语，只有结合具体的语境，在联想的基础上，才能推导出其会话意义。     

论精神障碍犯罪人行刑个别化的完善

精神障碍患者犯罪是遗传、疾病以及各种社会因素综合作用下产生的结果,其犯罪行为的发生具有一定的特殊性。因此对其采用一般性的刑罚方法难以达到理想的教育改造效果。依据精神障碍犯罪人的自身特点,在行刑个别化、行刑社会化理念的指导下设计、完善刑事处遇措施以帮助精神障碍犯罪人驱除犯罪原因,重新融入社会生活。根据具体案件的差异将精神障碍犯罪人刑事个别化处遇完善分为社区矫正制度完善与监狱矫正制度完善。     

提高英语专业学生口语有效输出能力的探讨

以参加英语口语课堂活动的英语专业学生为研究对象,通过访谈、问卷、口语测试和课堂观察等方法,收集口语输出活动过程中的真实材料,并进行学生输出障碍分析.发现“可理解输出”未必是“有效输出”.情感过滤、课堂输出活动方式和学生的语用能力是影响课堂教学环境下学生口语有效输出的主要因素.认为情感支持、元语言环境下的话语互动和课堂语用教学是促进有效的口语输出、提高英语口语能力的重要策略.     

语用预设在大学英语听力教学中的运用

听力在大学英语教学中占有举足轻重的地位.语用预设是语用学中重要的理论之一,对听力教学有一定的指导意义.本文介绍了语用预设的基本理论及其在大学英语听力教学中的具体应用,探讨了语用预设对于听力理解所发挥的积极作用.     

Public and Private Employers’ Perceptions of the Competence of Botswana College of Agriculture Graduates

A large sample size technique was used to select 30 employers each from the private and public sector to examine their perception of the competence of agricultural graduates. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire and analyzed using means, standard deviation, and t test. The results show that, for 16 crop production tasks, public agroemployers were favorably disposed to competence in 4 tasks, while private employers were not favorably disposed to competence in any tasks. Both public and private employers were not favorably disposed to competence in farm engineering tasks. The Botswana College of Agriculture curriculum should be overhauled to better prepare graduates for employment.     

Sucrose assists selection of high‐quality oocytes in pigs

We investigated whether high‐quality in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes can be distinguished from poor ones based on the morphological changes after treatment with hyperosmotic medium containing 0.2 mol/L sucrose in pigs. We hypothesize that IVM oocytes maintaining round shape have higher quality than mis‐shapened oocytes following dehydration. Oocyte quality was verified by determining embryonic developmental competence using in vitro fertilization, nuclear transfer and parthenogenetic activation. In all cases, the round oocytes had greater (p < .05) developmental competence than that of mis‐shapened oocytes in terms of blastocyst rate and total cell number in blastocysts obtained after 6 days of in vitro culture. We also confirm that round aged oocytes are higher in quality than mis‐shapened aged oocytes. In an attempt to find out why high‐quality oocytes maintain a round shape whereas poorer oocytes become mis‐shapened following sucrose treatment, we examined the arrangement of actin microfilaments and microtubules. Abnormal organization of these cytoskeletal components was higher (p < .05) in mis‐shapened oocytes compared to round oocytes after 52 hr of IVM. In conclusion, sucrose treatment helps selection of high‐quality oocytes, including aged oocytes, in pigs. Abnormal cytoskeleton arrangements partly explain for low developmental competence of mis‐shapened oocytes.     

构建广东农垦经济“核心竞争力”的研究

介绍了国际化背景下构建广东农垦经济"核心竞争力"的必要性,分析了其存在的比较优势和比较劣势。提出了其路径选择,即营造培养创新人才的文化氛围、孕育在改革中求发展的动态变革思路、坚定走现代大农业循环经济发展之路、树立起走向国际化战略的坚定决心。     

日粮中不同锌及维生素A水平对肉仔鸡生产性能、免疫性能和有关酶及激素的影响

以AA肉仔鸡为试验动物 ,采用6×2(Zn×VA)重复实验设计 ,研究了日粮添加不同水平的锌(Zn)(40 ,80 ,120 ,160 ,200和320mg/kg)和维生素A(VA)(2700和8800IU/kg)对生产性能、免疫性能、7周龄血清和肝脏CuZn -SOD活性、血清碱性磷酸酶活性及血清胰岛素浓度的影响。结果表明 ,肉仔鸡对Zn的需要量有阶段性区别 ,前期添加320mg/kg,后期添加80～120mg/kg能获得较好的生产性能和免疫性能。VA的添加量为2700IU/kg 时前后期的生产性能均较佳。日粮Zn水平对血清CuZn -SOD的影响极显著(P<0.01) ,Zn水平为80～160mg/kg 时活性最大 ;日粮Zn水平对肝脏CuZn -SOD的影响接近显著水平 ,Zn水平为160～200mg/kg 时活性最大 ;日粮Zn水平、VA水平及二者的交互作用对血清碱性磷酸酶活性的影响均极显著(P<0.01) ,Zn的添加水平为80mg/kg时 ,酶活性最大 ,日粮高水平VA(8800IU/kg)使酶活性显著增加(P<0.01)。日粮Zn及VA水平对血清胰岛素浓度均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。高Zn(320mg/kg)使胰岛素浓度明显升高 ,高VA明显抑制了胰岛素浓度     

Selection of biological control agents for controlling soil and seed-borne diseases in the field

Different screening methods for selection of biological control agents (BCAs), for controlling soil and seed-borne diseases, are discussed. The shortcomings of laboratory methods focused on mechanism of action are discussed and we conclude that these methods should be used with caution if candidates with multifactorial or plant mediated mechanisms of control are to be obtained. In vitro screens may be useful for specific groups of microorganisms, thus, screens for antibiotics may be relevant for Streptomyces spp., and promising results have been obtained using soil plating or precolonized agar methods to screen for mycoparasitism and competitive saprophytic ability. Experience with screening in the Nordic programme Biological control of seed borne diseases in cereals is summarized. Research in the four participating countries – Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark – followed the same paradigm: that of obtaining antagonists, well adapted to different Nordic environments, and developing them as effective BCAs. Potential antagonists were isolated from different sources and in planta screening methods were developed in order to optimize selection of antagonists effective against a range of seed borne pathogens. Screens in the laboratory or greenhouse were followed by screening in the field. The different screening procedures are compared and evaluated.